![]() ![]() The writing down of the contributions, which were assimilated to acts of heroism, made them into a monument and an exemplum. The civic values of zelos, philodoxia, and philotimia are the social background of this attitude emotional display was also significant. It is also argued that this public character of epidoseis made them into a competition among citizens, especially among members of the elite the ‘winners’ in this competition were not those who contributed the greatest sum, but those who contributed first ( protoi, en tois protois). Through a study of the surviving lists of contributors - in particular those related to war - and their structure, but also through a study of literary sources, it is argued that the public offering of a contribution by an individual (citizen, woman, foreign resident) during public gatherings of the population had performative aspects the behaviour of the individual was carefully observed, discussed, criticized, or praised, and there was an interaction between contributor and audience. This chapter is dedicated to the study of the social mechanisms behind the epidoseis. They have been studied primarily as a phenomenon of Greek civic finances. Public subscriptions ( epidoseis) played a significant part in public finances in the Hellenistic period. ![]()
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